Linux/Unix 主機上安裝了一個或多個受到弱點影響的套件，且供應商未提供可用的修補程式。

  - ALSAoss修正 PCM OSS 緩衝區配置溢位 我們有 syzbot 報告在從 snd_pcm_plug_alloc() 呼叫的 vmalloc() 配置中遇到 INT_MAX 溢位問題。雖然我們將限制套用至輸入參數但它僅以基礎 PCM 裝置的 hw_params 為基礎。由於 PCM OSS 層會為資料轉換配置暫存緩衝區大小可能會在指定更多通道或更高速率時意外變大在報告的案例中它會超出 INT_MAX因此它會命中 WARN_ON()。
    此修補程式會嘗試避免此類溢位和配置過大的緩衝區。首先它會新增 1MB 的限製做為期間位元組的上限。這必須足夠大以供所有使用案例使用而且我們確實不想處理大於此大小的暫存緩衝區。會在兩個位置執行大小檢查分別是計算原始期間的位元組以及計算外掛程式緩衝區大小的位置。此外驅動程式會針對乘法使用 array_size() 和 array3_size() 來擷取轉換期間大小和緩衝區位元組的溢位。 (CVE-2022-49292)

請注意，Nessus 的判定取決於廠商所報告的套件是否存在。

CentOS Linux 7 主機安裝的套件會受到 TuxCare CENTOS7：CLSA-2025：1759431860 公告中提及的多個弱點影響。

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：watchdog: Fix possible use-after-free by calling del_timer_sync() This driver's remove path calls del_timer(). However, that function does not wait until the timer handler finishes. This means that the timer handler may still be running after the driver's remove function has finished, which would result in a use-after-free. Fix by calling del_timer_sync(), which makes sure the timer handler has finished, and unable to re-schedule itself.
    (CVE-2021-47321)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：virtio-net: Add validation for used length This adds validation for used length (might come from an untrusted device) to avoid data corruption or loss. (CVE-2021-47352)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：nvmem: Fix shift-out-of-bound (UBSAN) with byte size cells If a cell has 'nbits' equal to a multiple of BITS_PER_BYTE the logic *p &= GENMASK((cell->nbits%BITS_PER_BYTE) - 1, 0); will become undefined behavior because nbits modulo BITS_PER_BYTE is 0, and we subtract one from that making a large number that is then shifted more than the number of bits that fit into an unsigned long. UBSAN reports this problem: UBSAN: shift-out-of-bounds in drivers/nvmem/core.c:1386:8 shift exponent 64 is too large for 64-bit type 'unsigned long' CPU: 6 PID: 7 Comm: kworker/u16:0 Not tainted 5.15.0-rc3+ #9 Hardware name: Google Lazor (rev3+) with KB Backlight (DT) Workqueue: events_unbound deferred_probe_work_func Call trace: dump_backtrace+0x0/0x170 show_stack+0x24/0x30 dump_stack_lvl+0x64/0x7c dump_stack+0x18/0x38 ubsan_epilogue+0x10/0x54
    __ubsan_handle_shift_out_of_bounds+0x180/0x194 __nvmem_cell_read+0x1ec/0x21c nvmem_cell_read+0x58/0x94 nvmem_cell_read_variable_common+0x4c/0xb0 nvmem_cell_read_variable_le_u32+0x40/0x100 a6xx_gpu_init+0x170/0x2f4 adreno_bind+0x174/0x284 component_bind_all+0xf0/0x264 msm_drm_bind+0x1d8/0x7a0 try_to_bring_up_master+0x164/0x1ac __component_add+0xbc/0x13c component_add+0x20/0x2c dp_display_probe+0x340/0x384 platform_probe+0xc0/0x100 really_probe+0x110/0x304
    __driver_probe_device+0xb8/0x120 driver_probe_device+0x4c/0xfc __device_attach_driver+0xb0/0x128 bus_for_each_drv+0x90/0xdc __device_attach+0xc8/0x174 device_initial_probe+0x20/0x2c bus_probe_device+0x40/0xa4 deferred_probe_work_func+0x7c/0xb8 process_one_work+0x128/0x21c process_scheduled_works+0x40/0x54 worker_thread+0x1ec/0x2a8 kthread+0x138/0x158 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 Fix it by making sure there are any bits to mask out. (CVE-2021-47497)

  - Linux PV 裝置前端容易受到後端攻擊 [其 CNA 資訊記錄與多個 CVE 有關；文字說明了哪些方面/弱點對應哪個 CVE。] 數個 Linux PV 裝置前端正在以易受爭用情形影響的方式，使用授權表介面移除後端的存取權，進而可能導致資料洩漏、惡意後端損毀資料以及惡意後端觸發拒絕服務：blkfront、netfront、scsifront 和 gntalloc 驅動程式正在測試授權參照是否仍在使用中。如果情況並非如此，則它們會假設後續每次都能移除授予的存取權；但如果後端已在執行這兩項作業之間對應授權頁面，則此假設不成立。因此，無論前端 I/O 完成後如何使用頁面，後端都可以繼續存取客體的記憶體頁面。
    xenbus 驅動程式有一個類似的問題，因為它不會檢查是否成功移除向共用環形緩衝區授予的存取權。blkfront：CVE-2022-23036 netfront：CVE-2022-23037 scsifront：CVE-2022-23038 gntalloc：CVE-2022-23039 xenbus：CVE-2022-23040 blkfront、netfront、scsifront、usbfront、dmabuf、xenbus、9p、kbdfront 和 pvcalls 使用功能延遲釋放授權參照 (直到不再使用這個參照)，但相關資料頁面的釋放與刪除授予的存取權並不同步。因此，即使在記憶體頁面被釋放並重新用於其他目的之後，後端仍可繼續存取該頁面。CVE-2022-23041 如果 netfront 無法撤銷 rx 路徑中的存取權，則 BUG_ON() 宣告將失敗。這將導致客體出現拒絕服務 （DoS） 情況，而後端可能會觸發。 CVE-2022-23042 （CVE-2022-23037， CVE-2022-23038， CVE-2022-23039）

  - 在 6.0.9 版之前的 Linux 核心中發現一個問題。drivers/media/dvb-core/dvbdev.c 有一個與 dvb_register_device 動態配置 fops 相關的釋放後使用問題。(CVE-2022-45884)

請注意，Nessus 並未測試這些問題，而是僅依據應用程式自我報告的版本號碼作出判斷。

CentOS Linux 8.5 主機已安裝的套件會受到 TuxCare CENTOS8.5：CLSA-2025：1763734783 公告中提及的多個弱點影響。

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：scsi: mpt3sas: Fix use-after-free warning Fix the following use-after-free warning which is observed during controller reset: refcount_t:
    underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 23 PID: 5399 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xa6/0xf0 (CVE-2022-48695)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：ASoC: ops: Reject out of bounds values in snd_soc_put_volsw() We don't currently validate that the values being set are within the range we advertised to userspace as being valid, do so and reject any values that are out of range.
    (CVE-2022-48738)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：rpmsg: char: Fix race between the release of rpmsg_ctrldev and cdev struct rpmsg_ctrldev contains a struct cdev. The current code frees the rpmsg_ctrldev struct in rpmsg_ctrldev_release_device(), but the cdev is a managed object, therefore its release is not predictable and the rpmsg_ctrldev could be freed before the cdev is entirely released, as in the backtrace below. [ 93.625603] ODEBUG: free active (active state 0) object type: timer_list hint:
    delayed_work_timer_fn+0x0/0x7c [ 93.636115] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 12 at lib/debugobjects.c:488 debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0 [ 93.644799] Modules linked in: veth xt_cgroup xt_MASQUERADE rfcomm algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg uinput ip6table_nat fuse uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc venus_enc venus_dec videobuf2_dma_contig hci_uart btandroid btqca snd_soc_rt5682_i2c bluetooth qcom_spmi_temp_alarm snd_soc_rt5682v [ 93.715175] CPU: 0 PID: 12 Comm: kworker/0:1 Tainted: G B 5.4.163-lockdep #26 [93.723855] Hardware name: Google Lazor (rev3 - 8) with LTE (DT) [ 93.730055] Workqueue: events kobject_delayed_cleanup [ 93.735271] pstate: 60c00009 (nZCv daif +PAN +UAO) [ 93.740216] pc :
    debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0 [ 93.744890] lr : debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0 [ 93.749555] sp :
    ffffffacf5bc7940 [ 93.752978] x29: ffffffacf5bc7940 x28: dfffffd000000000 [ 93.758448] x27:
    ffffffacdb11a800 x26: dfffffd000000000 [ 93.763916] x25: ffffffd0734f856c x24: dfffffd000000000 [93.769389] x23: 0000000000000000 x22: ffffffd0733c35b0 [ 93.774860] x21: ffffffd0751994a0 x20:
    ffffffd075ec27c0 [ 93.780338] x19: ffffffd075199100 x18: 00000000000276e0 [ 93.785814] x17:
    0000000000000000 x16: dfffffd000000000 [ 93.791291] x15: ffffffffffffffff x14: 6e6968207473696c [93.796768] x13: 0000000000000000 x12: ffffffd075e2b000 [ 93.802244] x11: 0000000000000001 x10:
    0000000000000000 [ 93.807723] x9 : d13400dff1921900 x8 : d13400dff1921900 [ 93.813200] x7 :
    0000000000000000 x6 : 0000000000000000 [ 93.818676] x5 : 0000000000000080 x4 : 0000000000000000 [93.824152] x3 : ffffffd0732a0fa4 x2 : 0000000000000001 [ 93.829628] x1 : ffffffacf5bc7580 x0 :
    0000000000000061 [ 93.835104] Call trace: [ 93.837644] debug_print_object+0x13c/0x1b0 [ 93.841963]
    __debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x25c/0x3c0 [ 93.846987] debug_check_no_obj_freed+0x18/0x20 [ 93.851669] slab_free_freelist_hook+0xbc/0x1e4 [ 93.856346] kfree+0xfc/0x2f4 [ 93.859416] rpmsg_ctrldev_release_device+0x78/0xb8 [ 93.864445] device_release+0x84/0x168 [ 93.868310] kobject_cleanup+0x12c/0x298 [ 93.872356] kobject_delayed_cleanup+0x10/0x18 [ 93.876948] process_one_work+0x578/0x92c [ 93.881086] worker_thread+0x804/0xcf8 [ 93.884963] kthread+0x2a8/0x314 [93.888303] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x18 The cdev_device_add/del() API was created to address this issue (see commit '233ed09d7fda (chardev: add helper function to register char devs with a struct device)'), use it instead of cdev add/del(). (CVE-2022-48759)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：dm integrity: fix memory corruption when tag_size is less than digest size It is possible to set up dm-integrity in such a way that the tag_size parameter is less than the actual digest size. In this situation, a part of the digest beyond tag_size is ignored. In this case, dm-integrity would write beyond the end of the ic->recalc_tags array and corrupt memory. The corruption happened in integrity_recalc->integrity_sector_checksum->crypto_shash_final. Fix this corruption by increasing the tags array so that it has enough padding at the end to accomodate the loop in integrity_recalc() being able to write a full digest size for the last member of the tags array. (CVE-2022-49044)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：ata: sata_dwc_460ex: Fix crash due to OOB write the driver uses libata's tag values from in various arrays. Since the mentioned patch bumped the ATA_TAG_INTERNAL to 32, the value of the SATA_DWC_QCMD_MAX needs to account for that. Otherwise ATA_TAG_INTERNAL usage cause similar crashes like this as reported by Tice Rex on the OpenWrt Forum and reproduced (with symbols) here: | BUG: Kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0x00000000 | Faulting instruction address: 0xc03ed4b8 | Oops: Kernel access of bad area, sig: 11 [#1] | BE PAGE_SIZE=4K PowerPC 44x Platform | CPU: 0 PID: 362 Comm: scsi_eh_1 Not tainted 5.4.163 #0 | NIP: c03ed4b8 LR: c03d27e8 CTR:
    c03ed36c | REGS: cfa59950 TRAP: 0300 Not tainted (5.4.163) | MSR: 00021000 <CE,ME> CR: 42000222 XER:
    00000000 | DEAR: 00000000 ESR: 00000000 | GPR00: c03d27e8 cfa59a08 cfa55fe0 00000000 0fa46bc0 [...] | [..] | NIP [c03ed4b8] sata_dwc_qc_issue+0x14c/0x254 | LR [c03d27e8] ata_qc_issue+0x1c8/0x2dc | Call Trace: | [cfa59a08] [c003f4e0] __cancel_work_timer+0x124/0x194 (unreliable) | [cfa59a78] [c03d27e8] ata_qc_issue+0x1c8/0x2dc | [cfa59a98] [c03d2b3c] ata_exec_internal_sg+0x240/0x524 | [cfa59b08] [c03d2e98] ata_exec_internal+0x78/0xe0 | [cfa59b58] [c03d30fc] ata_read_log_page.part.38+0x1dc/0x204 | [cfa59bc8] [c03d324c] ata_identify_page_supported+0x68/0x130 | [...] This is because sata_dwc_dma_xfer_complete() NULLs the dma_pending's next neighbour chan (a *dma_chan struct) in this '32' case right here (line ~735): > hsdevp->dma_pending[tag] = SATA_DWC_DMA_PENDING_NONE; Then the next time, a dma gets issued;
    dma_dwc_xfer_setup() passes the NULL'd hsdevp->chan to the dmaengine_slave_config() which then causes the crash. With this patch, SATA_DWC_QCMD_MAX is now set to ATA_MAX_QUEUE + 1. This avoids the OOB. But please note, there was a worthwhile discussion on what ATA_TAG_INTERNAL and ATA_MAX_QUEUE is. And why there should not be a fake 33 command-long queue size. Ideally, the dw driver should account for the ATA_TAG_INTERNAL. In Damien Le Moal's words: ... having looked at the driver, it is a bigger change than just faking a 33rd tag that is in fact not a command tag at all. BugLink:
    https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt/issues/9505 (CVE-2022-49073)

請注意，Nessus 並未測試這些問題，而是僅依據應用程式自我報告的版本號碼作出判斷。

CentOS Linux 6 主機已安裝的套件會受到 TuxCare CENTOS6：CLSA-2025：1762454401 公告中提及的多個弱點影響。

  - Linux PV 裝置前端容易受到後端攻擊 [其 CNA 資訊記錄與多個 CVE 有關；文字說明了哪些方面/弱點對應哪個 CVE。] 數個 Linux PV 裝置前端正在以易受爭用情形影響的方式，使用授權表介面移除後端的存取權，進而可能導致資料洩漏、惡意後端損毀資料以及惡意後端觸發拒絕服務：blkfront、netfront、scsifront 和 gntalloc 驅動程式正在測試授權參照是否仍在使用中。如果情況並非如此，則它們會假設後續每次都能移除授予的存取權；但如果後端已在執行這兩項作業之間對應授權頁面，則此假設不成立。因此，無論前端 I/O 完成後如何使用頁面，後端都可以繼續存取客體的記憶體頁面。
    xenbus 驅動程式有一個類似的問題，因為它不會檢查是否成功移除向共用環形緩衝區授予的存取權。blkfront：CVE-2022-23036 netfront：CVE-2022-23037 scsifront：CVE-2022-23038 gntalloc：CVE-2022-23039 xenbus：CVE-2022-23040 blkfront、netfront、scsifront、usbfront、dmabuf、xenbus、9p、kbdfront 和 pvcalls 使用功能延遲釋放授權參照 (直到不再使用這個參照)，但相關資料頁面的釋放與刪除授予的存取權並不同步。因此，即使在記憶體頁面被釋放並重新用於其他目的之後，後端仍可繼續存取該頁面。CVE-2022-23041 如果 netfront 無法撤銷 rx 路徑中的存取權，則 BUG_ON() 宣告將失敗。這會導致客體發生拒絕服務 (DoS) 情形，而此情形可能由後端觸發。CVE-2022-23042 (CVE-2022-23037)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：ALSA: oss: Fix PCM OSS buffer allocation overflow We've got syzbot reports hitting INT_MAX overflow at vmalloc() allocation that is called from snd_pcm_plug_alloc(). Although we apply the restrictions to input parameters, it's based only on the hw_params of the underlying PCM device. Since the PCM OSS layer allocates a temporary buffer for the data conversion, the size may become unexpectedly large when more channels or higher rates is given;
    in the reported case, it went over INT_MAX, hence it hits WARN_ON(). This patch is an attempt to avoid such an overflow and an allocation for too large buffers. First off, it adds the limit of 1MB as the upper bound for period bytes. This must be large enough for all use cases, and we really don't want to handle a larger temporary buffer than this size. The size check is performed at two places, where the original period bytes is calculated and where the plugin buffer size is calculated. In addition, the driver uses array_size() and array3_size() for multiplications to catch overflows for the converted period size and buffer bytes. (CVE-2022-49292)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：net: atm: fix use after free in lec_send() The ->send() operation frees skb so save the length before calling ->send() to avoid a use after free. (CVE-2025-22004)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：net/sched: sch_qfq: Fix race condition on qfq_aggregate A race condition can occur when 'agg' is modified in qfq_change_agg (called during qfq_enqueue) while other threads access it concurrently. For example, qfq_dump_class may trigger a NULL dereference, and qfq_delete_class may cause a use-after-free. This patch addresses the issue by: 1. Moved qfq_destroy_class into the critical section. 2. Added sch_tree_lock protection to qfq_dump_class and qfq_dump_class_stats. (CVE-2025-38477)

請注意，Nessus 並未測試這些問題，而是僅依據應用程式自我報告的版本號碼作出判斷。

CentOS Linux 8.4 主機已安裝的套件會受到 TuxCare CENTOS8.4：CLSA-2025：1763731262 公告中提及的多個弱點影響。

  - 在 Samsung Galaxy S3 i9305 4.4.4 裝置上發現一個問題。WEP、WPA、WPA2 和 WPA3 實作接受純文字 A-MSDU 框架，前提是前 8 個位元組對應 EAPOL 的有效 RFC1042 (即 LLC/SNAP) 標頭。攻擊者可濫用此弱點，插入獨立於網路組態的任意網路封包。(CVE-2020-26144)

  - 在 5.11.8 之前的 Linux 核心中發現一個問題。kernel/bpf/verifier.c 會對指標算術執行非預期的超出邊界推測，從而導致旁路攻擊，這可以破壞 Spectre 緩解措施並從核心記憶體取得敏感資訊，即 CID-f232326f6966。這會影響未定義 ptr_limit 的指標類型。(CVE-2020-27170)

  - 在 5.11.8 之前的 Linux 核心中發現一個問題。kernel/bpf/verifier.c 會發生差一錯誤 (由此造成整數反向溢位)，影響對指標算術的超出邊界推測，從而導致旁路攻擊，這可以破壞 Spectre 緩解措施並從核心記憶體取得敏感資訊，即 CID-10d2bb2e6b1d。(CVE-2020-27171)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：scsi: mpt3sas: Fix use-after-free warning Fix the following use-after-free warning which is observed during controller reset: refcount_t:
    underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 23 PID: 5399 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xa6/0xf0 (CVE-2022-48695)

  - 已解決 Linux 核心中的下列弱點：ASoC: ops: Reject out of bounds values in snd_soc_put_volsw() We don't currently validate that the values being set are within the range we advertised to userspace as being valid, do so and reject any values that are out of range.
    (CVE-2022-48738)

請注意，Nessus 並未測試這些問題，而是僅依據應用程式自我報告的版本號碼作出判斷。

ID	名稱	產品	系列	已發布	已更新	嚴重性
225306	Linux Distros 未修補的弱點：CVE-2022-49292	Nessus	Misc.	2025/3/5	2026/7/17	high
283090	MiracleLinux 7kernel-3.10.0-1160.119.1.0.15.el7.AXS7 (AXSA:2025-10986:81)	Nessus	Miracle Linux Local Security Checks	2026/1/13	2026/1/20	high
352574	CentOS Linux 7 [TuxCare] 安全性更新：bpftool / kernel / kernel-debug / kernel-debug-devel / kernel-devel / etc 多個弱點（CENTOS7：CLSA-2025：1759431860）	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	2026/9/30	2026/10/21	high
352076	CentOS Linux 8.5 [TuxCare] 安全性更新：bpftool / kernel / kernel-core / kernel-cross-headers / etc 多個弱點（CENTOS8.5：CLSA-2025：1763734783）	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	2026/9/30	2026/9/30	high
361913	CentOS Linux 6 [TuxCare] 安全性更新：核心 / kernel-abi-whitelists / kernel-debug / kernel-debug-devel / etc 多個弱點（CENTOS6：CLSA-2025：1762454401）	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	2026/10/1	2026/10/1	high
361530	CentOS Linux 8.4 [TuxCare] 安全性更新：bpftool / kernel / kernel-core / kernel-cross-headers / etc 多個弱點（CENTOS8.4：CLSA-2025：1763731262）	Nessus	CentOS Local Security Checks	2026/10/1	2026/10/1	high

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