Linux/Unix 主機上安裝了一個或多個受到弱點影響的套件，且供應商未提供可用的修補程式。

  - devlinkratedevl_rate_nodes_destroy 中未設定父項指標。所有速率物件的 devl_rate_nodes_destroy 函式均記錄為未設定的父項。不過它只是呼叫驅動程式特定的 `rate_leaf_parent_set` 或 `rate_node_parent_set` ops並遞減父項的 refcount而不會實際將 `devlink_rate->parent` 指標設定為 NULL。這會在 `devlink_rate` 結構中留下懸置指標進而造成 netdevsim[1] 和 mlx5[2] 中的參照計數錯誤。此外這與會正確清除父指標之 `devlink_nl_rate_parent_node_set` 的行為不一致。此修補程式會在通知驅動程式後明確地將 `devlink_rate->parent` 設定為 NULL從而修正此問題因此符合函式記錄的所有速率物件行為。 [1] repro 步驟echo 1 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/new_device devlink dev eswitch set netdevsim/netdevsim1 模式 switchdev echo 1 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/devices/netdevsim1/sriov_numvfs devlink 連接埠函式速率新增 netdevsim/netdevsim1/ test_node devlink 連接埠函式速率設定 netdevsim/netdevsim1/128 parent test_node echo 1 > /sys/bus/netdevsim/del_device dmesg: refcount_t遞減命中 0洩漏記憶體。警告 CPU: 8 PID: 1530 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_sature+0x42/0xe0 CPU: 8 UID: 0 PID: 1530 Comm: bash 未受污染的 6.18.0-rc4+ #1 NONE 硬體名稱QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)、BIOS rel-1.16.0-0-gd239552ce722-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP 0010:refcount_warn_sturate+0x42/0xe0 呼叫追踪 <TASK> devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90 __nsim_dev_port_del+ 0x6c/0x70 [netdevsim] nsim_dev_reload_destroy+0x11c/0x140 [netdevsim] nsim_drv_remove+0x2b/0xb0 [netdevsim] device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0 bus_remove_device+0xc6/0x130 device_del+0x159/0x3c0 device_unregister+0x1a/0x60 del_device_store+0x111/0x170 [netdevsim] kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0 vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0 ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x55/0x10f0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 [2] devlink dev eswitch set pci/0000:08:00.0 模式 switch:8 link dev port pcidev 00.0 flavor pcisf pfnum 0 sfnum 1000 devlink 連接埠函式速率新增 pci/0000:08:00.0/group1 devlink 連接埠函式速率設定pci/0000:08:00.0/32768 parent group1 modprobe -r mlx5_ib mlx5_fwctl mlx5_core dmesg: refcount_t遞減命中 0洩漏記憶體。警告 CPU 7 PID
    lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_sature+0x42/0xe0 處的 16151 CPU7 UID 0 PID16151 Commbash 未受污染 6.17.0-rc7_for_upstream_min_debug_2025_10_02_12_44 #1 NONE 硬體名稱QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009) 、 BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 RIP
    0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x42/0xe0 Call Trace: <TASK> devl_rate_leaf_destroy+0x8d/0x90 mlx5_esw_offloads_devlink_port_unregister+0x33/0x60 [mlx5_core] mlx5_esw_offloads_unload_rep+0x3f/0x50 [mlx5_core] mlx5_eswitch_unload_sf_vport+0x40/0x90 [mlx5_core] mlx5_sf_esw_event+0xc4/0x120 [mlx5_core] notifier_call_chain +0x33/0xa0 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x3b/0x50 mlx5_eswitch_disable_locked+0x50/0x110 [mlx5_core] mlx5_eswitch_disable+0x63/0x90 [mlx5_core] mlx5_unload+0x1d/0x170 [mlx5_core] mlx5_uninit_one+0xa2/0x130 [mlx5_core] remove_one+0x78/0xd0 [mlx5_core] pci_device_remove +0x39/0xa0 device_release_driver_internal+0x194/0x1f0 unbind_store+0x99/0xa0 kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x12e/0x1e0 vfs_write+0x215/0x3d0 ksys_write+0x5f/0xd0 do_syscall_64+0x53/0x1f0 (entry_SYSCALL_wframeh)/x55_64+0x53/0x1f0 (entry_SYSCALL_bframeh)/x5after_3_39CVE-2025-40251[+] 4_wframeh

請注意，Nessus 的判定取決於廠商所報告的套件是否存在。

偵測

Linux Distros 未修補的弱點：CVE-2025-40251

medium Nessus Plugin ID 277523

版本 1.19